Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions went to Makkah, the polytheists said: "There will come to you people who are weakened by the fever of Madīnah." So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) commanded his Companions to jog the three rounds (of Tawāf) and walk between the two Corners. He did not command them to jog all the rounds out of pity for them.

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) married Maymūnah when he was in the state of Ihrām and consummated marriage with her when he ended his Ihrām. She died in Sarif.

Abu Sulaymān Khālid ibn al-Walīd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "During the battle of Mu'tah, nine swords were broken in my hand, and all that remained with me was a Yemeni sword."

An-Nu‘mān ibn Bashīr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Abdullāh ibn Rawāhah (may Allah be pleased with him) fell down unconscious, so his sister started crying. She said: "O my mountain! O so-and-so!" and went on calling him by his good qualities one by one. When he came to his senses, he said: "Whenever you said something, I was asked: 'Are you really so?'"

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered Makkah in the Year of the Conquest wearing a helmet on his head. When he took it off, a man came to him and said: "Ibn Khatal is hanging on to the drapes of the Ka‘bah." So he (the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Kill him."

‘Ā’ishah, Mother of the Believers, (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did not offer a prayer after the revelation of {When there comes Allah’s help and the conquest} [Surat an-Nasr: 1] except that he would say therein: "Subhānaka Rabbana wa bihamdik, Allāhumma ighfir li (Glory and praise be to You, our Lord. O Allah, forgive me)". She also reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to say frequently in his Rukū‘ and Sujūd: "Subhānak Allāhumma Rabbana wa bihamdik, Allāhumma ighfir li (Glory and praise be to You, O Allah, our Lord. O Allah, forgive me)" in compliance with the command in the Qur’an.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to make me sit with the elderly men who had fought in the Battle of Badr. Some of them did not like that and said to ‘Umar: "Why do you bring in this boy to sit with us while we have sons like him?" ‘Umar replied: "Because of his status, which you already know about." One day ‘Umar called me and made me sit in the gathering of those people; and I think that he called me just to show them. ‘Umar then asked them: "What do you say about the verse that says: {When there comes the help of Allah and the conquest} [Sūrat An-Nasr: 1]?" Some of them said: "We are ordered to praise Allah and ask for His forgiveness when He helps us and grants us victory." Some others kept quiet and said nothing. Thereupon, ‘Umar asked me: "Do you say the same, O Ibn ‘Abbās?" I replied: ‘No.’ He said: "What do you say then?" I replied: "That is a sign of the Messenger’s death, of which Allah informed him. He says: O Muhammad, when there comes the help of Allah to you against your enemies and the Conquest of Makkah, which is a sign of your death, you should celebrate the praises of your Lord and ask for His forgiveness; verily, He is the One who accepts repentance." Upon that, ‘Umar said: "I do not know anything about it other than what you have said."

Abu Shurayh Khuwaylid ibn ‘Amr al-Khuzā‘i al-‘Adawi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he said to ‘Amr ibn Sa‘īd ibn al-‘Ās, when the latter was sending troops to Makkah (to fight ‘Abdullāh ibn Az-Zubayr): "O Commander, allow me to tell you what the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said on the day following the Conquest of Makkah. My ears heard it, my heart understood it thoroughly, and I saw it with my own eyes when he spoke it. He glorified Allah and praised Him then said: 'It was Allah, the Almighty, and not the people, who made Makkah a sanctuary, so it is impermissible for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood in it or to cut down its trees. If someone argues that fighting in it is permissible because the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) fought in it, say to him: 'Allah gave permission to His Messenger and did not give permission to you.' Allah only gave me permission for a few hours of daytime, and its sanctity today is as it was yesterday. So, let those who are present inform those who are absent (of what I just said)." Abu Shurayh was asked: "What did he say to you?" He replied: He said: "O Abu Shurayh, I know better than you in this respect. Makkah does not give protection to a sinner, a fugitive murderer, or a thief."

Ayyūb reported from Abu Qilābah from ‘Amr ibn Salamah: Abu Qilābah said to me: "Will you not meet and ask him (‘Amr ibn Salamah)" I said: "I met him and asked him, so he said: ‘We were at a water place that was a thoroughfare for people. Riders would pass by us, and we would ask them: 'What are people up to? What are people up to? Who is that man?' They would say: 'He claims that Allah has sent him and revealed to him. Or Allah has revealed such and such.'' So I used to memorize that speech, as if it was instilled in my heart. Meanwhile, the Arabs (Bedouin tribes) delayed their conversion to Islam until the Conquest. So they would say: 'Leave him and his people, for indeed if he prevails over them, he is a true Prophet.' When the incident of the people of Conquest took place, every tribe rushed to embrace Islam, and my father hurried to embrace Islam before (the rest of) my tribe. When he came back, he said: 'By Allah, I have come to you from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) for sure! He said: 'Offer this prayer at this time and that prayer at that time. When the time for a prayer is due, let one of you call the Adhān, and let the one who knows the Qur’an most lead the prayer.'' They checked and found none with more Qur’an than me, for I used to meet the riders. Therefore, they made me to lead them, when I was only six or seven years old. I had on me a garment, which would recede when I would prostrate. A lady from the tribe thus said: 'Will you not cover the bottom of your reader from us?' So they bought (a piece of cloth) and cut me an apparel. I had never been so happy with anything as I was with that apparel."

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās and ‘Abd ibn Zam‘ah disputed over (the lineage of) a boy. Sa‘d said: "O Messenger of Allah, this is the son of my brother ‘Utbah ibn Abi Waqqās. He entrusted him to me saying that he was his own son. Just look at him and see how he resembles him." ‘Abd ibn Zam‘ah said: "O Messenger of Allah, he is my brother, as he was born on the bed of my father from his slave girl." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) looked at the boy and saw that he clearly resembled ‘Utbah. Thereupon, he said: "He is yours, O ‘Abd ibn Zam‘ah. The child belongs to the owner of the bed, and the stone is for the one who commits illegal sexual intercourse. O Sawdah, cover yourself from him." So, that boy never saw Sawdah uncovered.

‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Quraysh were greatly concerned about the case of the Makhzūmi woman who had committed theft. They wondered who should intercede for her with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). Some said: "Only Usāmah ibn Zayd, the Prophet’s beloved one, would dare do so." As Usāmah spoke to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about this issue, he said to him: "Do you intercede regarding one of the punishments prescribed by Allah?" Then, he got up and addressed the people, saying: "The people before you were ruined because if a noble person among them committed theft, they would leave him unpunished, but if a weak person among them committed theft, they would inflict the legal punishment on him. By Allah! Were Fātimah, the daughter of Muhammad, to commit theft, I would cut off her hand." Another wording reads: "She was a woman who used to borrow things from people and deny having taken them. So, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that her hand should be cut off.”

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: On the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no emigration after the Conquest (of Makkah), but there is Jihad and good intention, and whenever you are called for Jihad, you should immediately respond to the call." On the same day, he added: "Verily, Allah has made this city sacred since the day He created the heavens and the earth. Thus, it is a sanctuary by Allah’s decree until the Day of Judgment. Fighting in it was not permissible for anyone before me, and it was made permissible for me for only an hour of a day. It is sacred by the sacredness granted by Allah until the Day of Judgment. Its thorns should not be cut off, and its game should not be chased, and any lost item found therein should not be picked up except by one who would announce it publicly, and its green grass should not be cut off." Al-‘Abbās said: "O Messenger of Allah, except for lemongrass, for it is used by their blacksmiths and for their domestic purposes.' So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) responded: "Except for lemongrass."

Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Anyone falsely claims to be the son of other than his father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden to enter Paradise."

‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd ibn ‘Āsim (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When Allah gave war booty to His Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the Day of Hunayn, he distributed the booty among the people, and among those whose hearts had been recently reconciled to Islam. He did not give anything to the Ansār. It seemed that they felt uneasy that they did not receive a share like the others. Upon this, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) addressed them saying: "O people of the Ansār, did I not find you in a state of misguidance then Allah guided you aright through me? Were you not in a state of disunity then Allah brought you together through me? Were you not in a state of poverty then Allah made you wealthy through me?" Every time he said something, they replied: "Allah and His Messenger are the most benevolent." Then he asked: "Why do you not answer me?" They said: "Allah and His Messenger are the most benevolent." He said: "If you wish, you may say 'you came to us in such-and-such a state.' Would you not be satisfied that the people go away with goats and camels and you go away with the Messenger of Allah to your homes? Were it not for Hijrah, I would have been a man from the Ansār. If the people were to tread a valley or a mountain pass, I would tread the valley and mountain pass of the Ansār. The Ansār are like Shi‘ār (inner garments), while other people are like Dithār (outer garments). No doubt, you will see people favored over you after me (in getting worldly benefits). So be patient until you meet me at the Basin)."

‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent out a detachment and appointed a man from the Ansār as their leader, instructing them to obey him. He became angry and said: Did not the Prophet (ﷺ) command you to obey me? They replied: Yes. He said: Then gather some firewood for me. So they gathered it. He then said: Light a fire, and they did. Then he said: Enter it. They were about to do so, but some held back the others, saying: We fled to the Prophet (ﷺ) to escape from the Fire. They remained like that until the fire went out and his anger subsided. When the Prophet (ﷺ) was informed of this, he said: "Had they entered it, they would never have come out of it until the Day of Judgment. Obedience is only in what is right."

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal as he was sending him to Yemen: "You will come to a people of the Scripture. When you reach them, invite them to testify that none is worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has enjoined on them five prayers every day and night. If they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has enjoined Zakah on them, to be taken from the rich amongst them and given to the poor amongst them. If they obey you in that, beware of taking their best properties; and fear the invocation of an oppressed person, for there is no barrier between his invocation and Allah.”