Trade

Hanzhalah ibn Qays reported: When I asked Rāfi‘ ibn Khadīj about leasing land in return for gold and silver, he replied: "There is no harm in it. At the time of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) the people used to lease lands in return for the yield of what grows on the banks of large rivers and beginnings of water streams or the yield of certain parts of the land. Some of the harvest would be affected with blight and some would remain safe. This was the only system the people had for renting lands, and, thus, he forbade it. If the rent is something known and guaranteed, there is no harm in it."

Rāfi‘ ibn Khadīj (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The price of a dog is evil, the earning of a prostitute is evil and the earning of a cupper is evil."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Allah Almighty said: There are three I will be hostile to them on the Day of Judgment: a man who gave a promise in My Name and then broke it; a man who sold a free person as a slave and devoured his price; and a man who hired a worker and took the full work from him, but did not pay him his wages."

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three things: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a pious child who supplicates for him."

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar acquired a piece of land in Khaybar, so he came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to know what he should do with it. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have acquired a piece of land in Khaybar, and I have never acquired a property more precious to me than that. What do you command me to do with it?" He said: "If you wish you can keep its origin as an endowment, and give its yield in charity." So, ‘Umar gave the land in charity (i.e. as an endowment on the condition that the land would neither be sold nor given as a gift, nor bequeathed). He gave its yield as charity to the poor, the relatives, for emancipation of slaves, in Allah's cause, and for the travelers. It was permissible for its administrator to eat from it in a reasonable just manner and feed his friends without seeking to be wealthy by its means. In another wording: "...without storing the property with the purpose of becoming rich.”

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: 'I donated a horse for Jihad. The man who had the horse neglected it, so I wanted to buy it back, thinking that he would sell it for a cheap price. I asked the Prophet about this, and he said: "Do not buy it back and do not take back your charity, even if he gives it to you for one dirham, for the one who takes back his gift is like the one who takes back his vomit."

Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the lost and picked up item that is made of gold or silver, whereupon he said: "Remember the description of its container and the string with which it is tied. Make a public announcement of it for one year. If nobody comes and claims it, then utilize the money but keep it as a trust with you. If its owner comes back one day seeking it, then return it to him." Then, he asked him about the lost camel, whereupon the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is none of your concern. Leave it, for it has its feet and a water container (reservoir), and it will reach water and eat from the trees until its owner finds it." He then asked him about the lost sheep, whereupon he said: "Take it, for it is either for you, or for your brother, or for the wolf."

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Give the prescribed shares (of inheritance) to those who are entitled to them, and whatever remains goes to the nearest male relative."

Usāmah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A Muslim cannot inherit from a disbeliever nor can a disbeliever inherit from a Muslim."

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "It is not proper for a Muslim who has something to bequeath to stay for three nights without having his will written with him." ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) said: "Since I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say this, not a single night has passed without my will being with me."